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The project addresses the trade-environment nexus from 3 different angles: the impact of environmental commitments in modern preferential trade agreements on overall trade, on the composition of trade flows as well as on welfare; their impact on CO2 emission levels embodied in traded goods, and the trade-related consequences from internalising environmental costs of international transport. It adds to a still scant empirical literature on these issues and presents new empirical findings based on new methodological approaches. The analysis accounts for the heterogeneity of environmental commitments in preferential trade agreements by introducing a new categorisation of environmental provisions that explicitly focuses on the legal enforceability of such measures. Our work on transport externalities, for the first time, links work on the quantification of external costs of transport to international trade and allows to quantify the real income effects from internalising the costs of CO2 emissions in international trade activities. The methodology combines structural gravity estimation of trade elasticities with a general equilibrium trade model.

Geoökonomische Konzepte gewinnen auch in der Handelspolitik der EU an Bedeutung. Eine Reihe neuer handelspolitischer Instrumente soll den Schutz des Binnenmarkts vor unlauteren Handelspraktiken sowie die Durchsetzung der eigenen Interessen und Werte (Nachhaltigkeit, Menschenrechte, soziale Standards usw.) erleichtern. Die Studie gibt einen ausführlichen Überblick über acht handelspolitische Instrumente: Anti-Coercion Instrument (ACI), International Procurement Instrument (IPI), Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), Foreign Subsidy Instrument (FSI), Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence (DD), Level Playing Field Provisions in the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (LPF), Enforcement Regulation (ER) und die Deforestation Initiative (DI). Mit Hilfe von Gravitationsmodellen und einem quantitativen Handelsmodell werden die Auswirkungen der ausgewählten Instrumente auf den Handel und die Wohlfahrt der EU und Österreichs auf der Grundlage verschiedener Szenarien geschätzt.